Tuesday, January 6, 2009

French Garden Designs

By Melissa Burgendy

We get the word "horticulture" from the Latin word, "hortus", which means "garden", and "cultura", which means "cultivation". Gardening is an art, and as with all art forms, there are a number of styles to choose from.

It was in the 17th and 18th centuries that for the first time the traditional French garden style was developed during the Baroque and Rococo periods. The gardens of the era were majestic exhibitions of power and riches constructed by royalty and aristocrats for the purpose of impressing guests. You will find that traditional French garden style is very formal, they are in fact inspired by the ancient classical gardens. Spanning level ground, these geometrically shaped gardens are very well planned out in regards to their design. A common characteristic of such gardens are man-made terraces. There are also elaborately designed stairs that connect one terrace to another. French gardens often feature large water pools which provide reflective properties and are easily built given the flat landscape. Here you will find a list of the main components of traditional, formal, French garden design.

* Often you will find boxed hedges and rectangular frames that help to contain lawns.

* Flowerbeds are also geometrical in shape rectangular, oval or circular.

An important characteristic of formal gardens in France are Parterres. On the ground intricate geometric patterns are made using a variety of materials such as colored dirt, stones, gravel or flowers. Parterres are often lined with boxwood, lavender, or rosemary. Some parterres are particularly elaborate. These are known as parterres de broderies, or embroidery parterres. From the garden terraces the visitors can see the parterres.

* Water features are mostly canals and large, flat pools. Water fountains are also important, but are usually engine-operated.

* The French garden style included alles, or axes or rides, which were used for the walks and pathways and bordered by trees and neatly clipped hedges. Usually with a destination in mind, these paths may end at a type of garden ornament.

* French gardens feature many ornamental objects from statues and columns to birdbaths and sundials. These are placed symmetrically, at the end of an allee, for example.

* Plants: Color is the foundation of the planting pattern. Most French gardens feature light, pastel colors with hints of yellow, red, orange, lilac and blue. Perennials are the best choice for gardeners.

* Primarily French in origin, and available as an optional feature, Orangerie is a large glass-enclosed room in the garden where you'll find lemon, lime, and orange trees blooming during the cold winter months.

* Herb gardens are often included in traditional French gardens. The neat French garden style usually includes separate areas for a fruit garden, a rose garden and sometimes a herb garden too. The herb gardens are another feature of the garden and are not just herb patches. Paving is used in a specific pattern a chessboard pattern or a circular pattern, laid out like the spokes of a wheel. Seats are often placed in the center or in a corner of herb gardens. Common French herbs include lavender, rosemary, sage, marjoram, thyme, and sweet bay.

A famous example of the traditional French formal garden style described above is the Versailles Gardens located just outside Paris. King Louis IV hired landscape architect Andr Le Ntre to create the Versailles Gardens, in 1661. Versailles's western side features gardens spanning 800 hectares or 400 acres. Not only do these gardens feature many expensive ornaments, they also boast carefully cared for lawns and numerous blooming flowers. The gardens' most fascinating feature are their 1,400 fountains. The garden was watered with water from the Seine River which was supplied by a pumping system. Still, there was never enough water to run all the fountains at once. As King Louis would enter the garden, the fountains would start. These days their hours of operation are restricted to Sundays.

Not going to France any time soon? You can still visit a traditional French garden just by stopping by the Conservatory Garden, located in the North side of Central Park in New York City.

Although the traditional formal garden style developed in France influenced garden designers throughout the world, French gardens are by no means all traditional in style. France has many less formal gardens, including the Giverney garden overflowing with blooming flowers as shown in Monet's beautiful paintings.

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